Ruby is not just a programming language, but an entire philosophy about programming. It makes programming fun, productive, and rewarding. Most programs consist of code that needs to be organized into functions. And so most Ruby programs consist of classes and modules containing useful functions for interacting with the real world, operating on text, working with objects, creating GUIs, doing system administration tasks, building web applications… you name it. Ruby is at its heart a toolkit for accessing existing libraries like OpenSSL and providing something like Visual Basic style syntactic sugar to make working with them fun.
Npm is a package manager for the JavaScript programming language. It is the default package manager for the Node.js runtime environment and can be used to install, uninstall, and publish new packages. Also, npm is not an installer. It is most commonly used in combination with Node.js, the JavaScript platform built and maintained by Joyent and best known as the runtime for npm itself. You use npm to install Node.js, and any version of Node.js, you can use npm to look up, download, and publish packages containing any kind of code you want: command line tools, GUI tools, webservices over HTTP or TCP or WebSockets, anything you might want to publish for consumption by other people in the JavaScript community.
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rpm-guide
Check this article to learn how YUM repository and metadata work internally.
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python-how-to
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linux
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